Модуль 1: Введение в Unity

Примеры кода

Пример 1: Работа с GameObject

Основы создания и управления игровыми объектами в Unity:

using UnityEngine;

public class GameObjectExample : MonoBehaviour
{
    public GameObject prefabToSpawn;
    public Transform spawnPoint;
    
    private GameObject spawnedObject;

    void Start()
    {
        CreateNewObject();
        FindObjectsOnScene();
    }

    void CreateNewObject()
    {
        if (prefabToSpawn != null && spawnPoint != null)
        {
            spawnedObject = Instantiate(prefabToSpawn, spawnPoint.position, spawnPoint.rotation);
            spawnedObject.name = "Созданный объект";
            Debug.Log("Объект создан: " + spawnedObject.name);
        }
    }

    void FindObjectsOnScene()
    {
        GameObject player = GameObject.Find("Player");
        if (player != null)
        {
            Debug.Log("Найден игрок: " + player.name);
        }

        GameObject[] allEnemies = GameObject.FindGameObjectsWithTag("Enemy");
        Debug.Log("Найдено врагов: " + allEnemies.Length);
    }

    void Update()
    {
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space) && spawnedObject != null)
        {
            Destroy(spawnedObject);
            Debug.Log("Объект удален");
        }
    }
}

Пример 2: Работа с компонентами

Получение и управление компонентами GameObject:

using UnityEngine;

public class ComponentExample : MonoBehaviour
{
    private Rigidbody rb;
    private Renderer objectRenderer;
    private Collider objectCollider;

    void Start()
    {
        GetRequiredComponents();
        SetupComponents();
    }

    void GetRequiredComponents()
    {
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
        if (rb == null)
        {
            rb = gameObject.AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
            Debug.Log("Rigidbody добавлен автоматически");
        }

        objectRenderer = GetComponent<Renderer>();
        objectCollider = GetComponent<Collider>();
    }

    void SetupComponents()
    {
        if (rb != null)
        {
            rb.mass = 1f;
            rb.drag = 0.5f;
            rb.useGravity = true;
        }

        if (objectRenderer != null)
        {
            objectRenderer.material.color = Color.blue;
        }
    }

    void Update()
    {
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.G) && rb != null)
        {
            rb.useGravity = !rb.useGravity;
            Debug.Log("Гравитация: " + rb.useGravity);
        }
    }
}

Пример 3: Система движения

Различные способы перемещения объектов в Unity:

using UnityEngine;

public class MovementExample : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float moveSpeed = 5f;
    public float rotationSpeed = 100f;
    public float jumpForce = 10f;

    private Rigidbody rb;
    private bool isGrounded = true;

    void Start()
    {
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
    }

    void Update()
    {
        HandleMovement();
        HandleRotation();
        HandleJump();
    }

    void HandleMovement()
    {
        float horizontal = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float vertical = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");

        Vector3 direction = new Vector3(horizontal, 0, vertical).normalized;
        transform.Translate(direction * moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime);
    }

    void HandleRotation()
    {
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Q))
        {
            transform.Rotate(0, -rotationSpeed * Time.deltaTime, 0);
        }
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.E))
        {
            transform.Rotate(0, rotationSpeed * Time.deltaTime, 0);
        }
    }

    void HandleJump()
    {
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space) && isGrounded && rb != null)
        {
            rb.AddForce(Vector3.up * jumpForce, ForceMode.Impulse);
            isGrounded = false;
            Debug.Log("Прыжок!");
        }
    }

    void OnCollisionEnter(Collision collision)
    {
        if (collision.gameObject.CompareTag("Ground"))
        {
            isGrounded = true;
        }
    }
}

Пример 4: Система ввода

Обработка пользовательского ввода в Unity:

using UnityEngine;

public class InputExample : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float mouseSensitivity = 2f;
    public KeyCode actionKey = KeyCode.F;

    private Camera playerCamera;
    private float xRotation = 0f;

    void Start()
    {
        playerCamera = Camera.main;
        Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.Locked;
    }

    void Update()
    {
        HandleKeyboardInput();
        HandleMouseInput();
    }

    void HandleKeyboardInput()
    {
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.W))
        {
            Debug.Log("Нажата клавиша W");
        }

        if (Input.GetKeyDown(actionKey))
        {
            PerformAction();
        }

        float horizontal = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float vertical = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");

        if (horizontal != 0 || vertical != 0)
        {
            Debug.Log($"Движение: X={horizontal:F2}, Y={vertical:F2}");
        }
    }

    void HandleMouseInput()
    {
        float mouseX = Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") * mouseSensitivity;
        float mouseY = Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * mouseSensitivity;

        if (playerCamera != null)
        {
            xRotation -= mouseY;
            xRotation = Mathf.Clamp(xRotation, -90f, 90f);

            playerCamera.transform.localRotation = Quaternion.Euler(xRotation, 0f, 0f);
            transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * mouseX);
        }
    }

    void PerformAction()
    {
        Debug.Log("Выполнено действие!");
        
        RaycastHit hit;
        if (Physics.Raycast(playerCamera.transform.position, playerCamera.transform.forward, out hit, 5f))
        {
            Debug.Log("Взаимодействие с: " + hit.collider.name);
        }
    }
}

Пример 5: Система коллизий

Обработка столкновений и триггеров в Unity:

using UnityEngine;

public class CollisionExample : MonoBehaviour
{
    public int health = 100;
    public float damageAmount = 10f;
    public GameObject explosionEffect;

    void OnCollisionEnter(Collision collision)
    {
        Debug.Log("Столкновение с: " + collision.gameObject.name);

        if (collision.gameObject.CompareTag("Enemy"))
        {
            TakeDamage(damageAmount);
        }

        if (collision.gameObject.CompareTag("Ground"))
        {
            Debug.Log("Приземление");
        }
    }

    void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
    {
        Debug.Log("Вход в триггер: " + other.name);

        if (other.CompareTag("Collectible"))
        {
            CollectItem(other.gameObject);
        }

        if (other.CompareTag("DeathZone"))
        {
            Die();
        }
    }

    void TakeDamage(float damage)
    {
        health -= Mathf.RoundToInt(damage);
        Debug.Log($"Получен урон: {damage}. Здоровье: {health}");

        if (health <= 0)
        {
            Die();
        }
    }

    void CollectItem(GameObject item)
    {
        Debug.Log("Собран предмет: " + item.name);
        
        if (explosionEffect != null)
        {
            Instantiate(explosionEffect, item.transform.position, Quaternion.identity);
        }

        Destroy(item);
    }

    void Die()
    {
        Debug.Log("Игрок погиб!");
        
        if (explosionEffect != null)
        {
            Instantiate(explosionEffect, transform.position, Quaternion.identity);
        }

        gameObject.SetActive(false);
    }
}